Dr Carlo Fumagalli, MD, PhD, is specialised in geriatric cardiology and cardiovascular ageing, with a focus on cardiomyopathies, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). He contributes to the care of complex patients with heart failure, aortic stenosis, multimorbidity, and functional impairment. His clinical and research work centres on the phenotyping of patients with cardiovascular disease, integrating geriatric syndromes (like frailty, disability, malnutrition, cognitive and physical performance) into cardiovascular assessment to identify trajectories of vulnerability and improve prognostic reclassification beyond traditional risk scores. His work aims to move beyond chronological age towards trajectory-based precision care, including in younger patients.